Hidden attractors in fundamental problems and engineering models

Recently a concept of self-excited and hidden attractors was suggested: an attractor is called a self-excited attractor if its basin of attraction overlaps with neighborhood of an equilibrium, otherwise it is called a hidden attractor. For example, hidden attractors are attractors in systems with no equilibria or with only one stable equilibrium (a special case of multistability and coexistence of attractors). While coexisting self-excited attractors can be found using the standard computational procedure, there is no standard way of predicting the existence or coexistence of hidden attractors in a system. In this plenary survey lecture the concept of self-excited and hidden attractors is discussed, and various corresponding examples of self-excited and hidden attractors are considered

Effect of synthetic peptide thrombin receptor agonist encapsulated in microparticles based on lactic and glycolic acid copolymer on healing of experimental skin wounds in mice.

PAR1 peptide thrombin receptor agonist (PAR1-AP) was encapsulated in microcorpuscles based on lactic and glycolic acid copolymer. The desorption profile of the preparation was studied in vitro and its wound-healing effects were studied on a model of cut skin wound in mice. The study showed that 90% PAR1-AP was desorbed over 6 h, but the peptide was detected in eluates from the microparticle surface after 23 h. The desorbed peptide retained its physiological activity and was capable of activating PAR1 receptors on human platelets. The study of the dynamics of experimental skin wound healing in mice showed lower number of macrophages in the wounds treated with PAR1-AP microparticles compared to the control (open wounds and wounds covered with microparticles) and higher number of fibroblasts on day 3 of tissue reparation. Hence, PAR1-AP desorbed from microparticles shortened the inflammation phase in the wound. On day 7 the best healing parameters were also observed in wounds treated with PAR1-AP microparticles, which attests to shortening of the proliferation phase and acceleration of wound healing

Infectious and non-infectious pericarditis in children

Pericardial diseases in children are heterogeneous in nature and can be both isolated and part of the systemic pathology. Data on the epidemiology and etiology of pericardial disease are contradictory and depend on the hospital profile, patients' age and study aims. Objective of the research-to study modern structure of pericardial diseases in children, clinical and instrumental features of individual forms and treatment tactics in real clinical practice according to the data of the Moscow multi-profile hospital. Study materials and methods: A complex clinical and laboratory-based examination was conducted in 121 patients aged from 1 month to 18 years, admitted to Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital in Moscow in 2001-2016 with pericardium diseases. Results: pericardium inflammatory lesions were diagnosed in 86% of children, 57% of patients had infectious pericarditis (bacterial and idiopathic). The most severe course was in cases of bacterial, neoplastic pericarditis and postpericardiotomy syndrome (PPTS). A common feature of the severe course was the accumulation of a large pericardial effusion and the threat of a cardiac tamponade. In patients with idiopathic pericarditis and PPTS, herpesvirus infections markers, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, were more often detected with large effusions accumulation (p=0,02). Complications development was noted in 33 (27,3%) children: cardiac tamponade or the threat of its development in 23 (19%), recurrent course in 11 (9,1%). As anti-inflammatory therapy non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were used (73,6% of patients); if they were inefficient-glucocorticosteroids (41,3%) and intravenous immunoglobulins (24,8%). Pericardiocentesis due to threat of cardiac tamponade was performed in 13 (10,74%) children. Conclusion: in pericarditis structure dominated infectious: bacterial and idiopathic (57%). Specific IgM antibodies to herpesviruses, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae are possible markers of large pericardial effusion accumulation children with idiopathic pericarditis and PPTS. To assess the predictors of pericarditis adverse course incl. use of glucocorticosteroids, it is necessary to analyze long-term disease catamnesis. © 2017, Pediatria Ltd. All rights reserved

Infectious and non-infectious pericarditis in children

Pericardial diseases in children are heterogeneous in nature and can be both isolated and part of the systemic pathology. Data on the epidemiology and etiology of pericardial disease are contradictory and depend on the hospital profile, patients' age and study aims. Objective of the research-to study modern structure of pericardial diseases in children, clinical and instrumental features of individual forms and treatment tactics in real clinical practice according to the data of the Moscow multi-profile hospital. Study materials and methods: A complex clinical and laboratory-based examination was conducted in 121 patients aged from 1 month to 18 years, admitted to Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital in Moscow in 2001-2016 with pericardium diseases. Results: pericardium inflammatory lesions were diagnosed in 86% of children, 57% of patients had infectious pericarditis (bacterial and idiopathic). The most severe course was in cases of bacterial, neoplastic pericarditis and postpericardiotomy syndrome (PPTS). A common feature of the severe course was the accumulation of a large pericardial effusion and the threat of a cardiac tamponade. In patients with idiopathic pericarditis and PPTS, herpesvirus infections markers, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, were more often detected with large effusions accumulation (p=0,02). Complications development was noted in 33 (27,3%) children: cardiac tamponade or the threat of its development in 23 (19%), recurrent course in 11 (9,1%). As anti-inflammatory therapy non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were used (73,6% of patients); if they were inefficient-glucocorticosteroids (41,3%) and intravenous immunoglobulins (24,8%). Pericardiocentesis due to threat of cardiac tamponade was performed in 13 (10,74%) children. Conclusion: in pericarditis structure dominated infectious: bacterial and idiopathic (57%). Specific IgM antibodies to herpesviruses, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae are possible markers of large pericardial effusion accumulation children with idiopathic pericarditis and PPTS. To assess the predictors of pericarditis adverse course incl. use of glucocorticosteroids, it is necessary to analyze long-term disease catamnesis. © 2017, Pediatria Ltd. All rights reserved

Гены «стахановцы» 18 хромосомы человека, отсутствующие белки и не охарактеризованные белки в ткани печени и клеточной линии HepG2

Missing (MP) and functionally uncharacterized proteins (uPE1) comprise less than 5% of the total number of proteins encoded by human Chr18 genes. Within half a year, since the January 2020 version of NextProt, the number of entries in the MP+uPE1 datasets changed, mainly due to the achievements of antibody-based proteomics. Assuming that the proteome is closely related to the transcriptome scaffold, quantitative PCR, Illumina HiSeq, and Oxford Nanopore Technology were applied to characterize the liver samples of three male donors in comparison with the HepG2 cell line. The data mining of the Expression Atlas (EMBL-EBI) and the profiling of biopsy samples by using orthogonal methods of transcriptome analysis have shown that in HepG2 cells and the liver, the genes encoding functionally uncharacterized proteins (uPE1) are expressed as low as for the missing proteins (less than 1 copy per cell), except the selected cases of HSBP1L1, TMEM241, C18orf21, and KLHL14. The initial expectation that uPE1 genes might be expressed at higher levels than MP genes, was compromised by severe discrepancies in our semi-quantitative gene expression data and in public databanks. Such discrepancy forced us to revisit the transcriptome of Chr18, the target of the Russian C-HPP Consortium. Tanglegram of highly expressed genes and further correlation analysis have shown the severe dependencies on the mRNA extraction method and the analytical platform. Targeted gene expression analysis by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and high-throughput transcriptome profiling (Illumina HiSeq and ONT MinION) for the same set of samples from normal liver tissue and HepG2 cells revealed the detectable expression of 250+ (92%) protein-coding genes of Chr18 (at least one method). The expression of slightly more than 50% protein-coding genes was detected simultaneously by all three methods. Correlation analysis of the gene expression profiles showed that the grouping of the datasets depended almost equally on both the type of biological material and the experimental method, particularly cDNA/mRNA isolation and library preparation.Отсутствующие белки и функционально не охарактеризованные белки (в англоязычной литературе обозначенные как missing (MP) и functionally uncharacterized proteins (uPE1), соответственно) составляют менее 5% от общего числа белков, кодируемых генами 18 хромосомы человека. В течение полугода, начиная с января 2020 года, в версии NextProt выросло количество записей в наборах данных MP+uPE1. Подобные изменения обусловлены преимущественно достижениями протеомики на основе антител. В данной работе количественная ПЦР, технологии секвенирования Illumina HiSeq и Oxford Nanopore Technologies были применены для сравнительного анализа транскриптомного профиля образцов печени трех доноров мужского пола и клеточной линии HepG2. Анализ данных атласа экспрессии (Expression Atlas, EMBL-EBI) и полученных результатов по биологическим образцам с использованием ортогональных методов анализа транскриптома показал, что в клетках печени и HepG2 уровень экспрессии генов, кодирующих функционально не охарактеризованные белки (uPE1), находится на таком же низком уровне, как и в случае генов MP (в количестве менее 1 копии на клетку). Исключение составили несколько генов: HSBP1L1, TMEM241, C18orf21 и KLHL14. Согласно существенным расхождениям в ранее полученных полуколичественных данных по экспрессии генов и данным в открытых базах данных, изначально предполагалось, что экспрессия генов uPE1 может быть выше, чем генов MP. Подобное расхождение побудило обратиться к транскриптому 18 хромосомы человека, являющейся целевой для России в проекте «Протеом человека». Полученные результаты о наиболее экспрессируемых генах и дальнейший корреляционный анализ показал существование зависимости от метода экстракции мРНК и аналитической платформы. Анализ экспрессии целевых генов 18 хромосомы с применением количественной ПЦР (qPCR) и методов высокопроизводительного профилирования транскриптома (Illumina HiSeq и ONT MinION) для одинаковых наборов образцов нормальной ткани печени и клеточной линии HepG2 выявил более 250 (92%) белок-кодирующих генов, детектируемых хотя бы одним методом. Экспрессия более чем 50% белок-кодирующих генов была детектирована всеми тремя методами. Корреляционный анализ профилей экспрессии генов показал, что результаты «группируются» в зависимости от типа биологического материала и экспериментальных методов, в частности от способа подготовки библиотеки (выделения кДНК, мРНК). Зависимость от выбора способа биоинформатической обработки была отмечена в значительно меньшей степени